Geopolitical neutrality and national sovereignty guaranteed by the armed forces – way for Brazil as an economic powerhouse
According to Jean Bodin (Angers, 1530 — Laon, 1596), French jurist, member of the Parliament of Paris, professor of law in Toulouse, and considered by many as the father of Political Science, sovereignty is a perpetual and unlimited power, or rather, a power whose only limitations are the divine and natural laws. It is absolute within the established limits by these laws. Despite being an extreme concept, appropriated to the social, religious, political and cultural scene of the moment in which it was developed, it can be considered, in a current interpretation, associated with the precepts of capitalism and existing democracies, that sovereignty requires a strong state, with capability to keep its legitimate foundations, defending its ideological and economic precepts of foreign and internal agents.
Sovereignty is the exclusive right of a supreme authority over a geographical area and its citizens, and in the case of a democracy, this authority represents the will of the people that gave the governor, through the direct vote, the right to arbitrate.
To be sovereign, a country must be able to defend itself from internal and foreign opposite forces. A nation’s capacity to defend itself allows it to be treated as an equal in the international community. One country, when showing weakness, becomes a target of intervention from other power-hungry states or sovereigns.
We can see, many times in History, countries being invaded with no power to retaliate. A recent example was Kuwait’s invasion by Iraq, on April 2nd, 1990, in the Persian Gulf region. Iraq military power was so superior to Kuwait’s, that the military maneuver was just a process of Kuwait annexation by Iraq as its 19th governorate. At that moment the Iraqi leader’s goal was increase its economic power; by seen that Kuwait was among the ten largest oil producers in the world and Iraq among the fifteen. Together they would be among the five largest oil producers on Earth.
The territory’s occupation in order to strengthen the economic power of the invader’s country, aims the conquest of power in the global geopolitics.
Geopolitics is a sum of the terms Geo (Planet Earth) + Politics (sovereign structure of the States that compose the studied scenario). Thus, we can infer that Geopolitics is the political management of a region or even the entire planet.
From a geopolitical perspective, the Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait shows us what were Saddam Hussein’s goals, clearly associated to the need of economic recovery due to the huge financial losses caused by the Iran-Iraq war, occurred between 1980 and 1988; by the necessity to increase its oil production and, finally, to achieve greater geopolitical regional and global power. One reason for the invasion, claimed by then Iraqi president, was that Kuwait was harming Iraq in the oil trading, selling the product for a very low price. As a result, Iraq would be losing the consumer market and had to lower the price of its oil in the international market.
This event raises the following question: “if Kuwait had qualified armed forces, the Iraq invasion would go ahead?”
The next article will assess how the military weakness makes a nation ceasing to be “colonized” by a military powerhouse to become protectorate of another.
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